An Observation and Assessment of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorder Risks Among Dental Hygienists at XYZ Dental Clinic

Abstract

It’s perceived that musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among dental hygienists, particularly within the neck and upper-back region, pose significant occupational health concerns. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of MSDs and evaluate ergonomic risk factors while dental hygienists were performing required work through direct viewing of the work and self-assessment. An observational study was performed by a board-certified Dr. of Chiropractic researcher on a sample of 11 hygienists at XYZ Dental Clinic during the performance of routine prophylactic scaling procedures. Participants were evaluated for various bodily postures, including the duration of forward flexion of the head and neck in excess of 20 degrees by utilizing a stopwatch. The participants each completed a self-assessment questionnaire packet which included the Standardized Nordic Questionnaire for musculoskeletal symptoms, the Neck Disability Index, a Job Content Questionnaire, and a general survey which probed vital statistics, hygienist ergonomic knowledge, clinic education practices, and practices regarding the prevention and treatment of risk factors associated with work related MSDs. The observation revealed an average appointment time of 31:24 with an average time spent in a significant neck flexion posture of 25:51 and moderate postural deviations with other parts of the body. The extent of cervical flexion appeared to increase with the use of dental loupes. The administered survey revealed gaps in ergonomic training / education, injury prevention strategies, and the treatment of MSDs. Recommendations included continuing ergonomic education as well as workstation changes for both the hygienists’ and patients’ positioning to decrease undesirable postures.