Three contrasting urban areas in Milwaukee County were sampled to determine the tree species reproducing and the habitats in which seedlings become established. Habitats most favorable for seedling establishment were shrub ...

We have moderately good knowledge of the yields of crops and of commercial forest land. In contrast, little is known of the productivity of urban park areas. Parks are neither grassland nor forest-in structure they most ...

Within 100 years after settlement began (ca. 1830), most forest land in the Milwaukee area had been influenced by agriculture. When the land was cleared for cultivation, trees were occasionally left along property boundaries, ...

Fecal coliform bacteria have long been used as indicators of water pollution (Standard Methods, 1976). However, factors that influence the coliform population in natural water bodies may alter the relationships between the ...

Phenology is embedded in human folklore and culture but it is also a science--a science of the relationships between biological events and environmental changes, chiefly those of season and weather. As a science phenology ...

Net annual production of plant communities is traditionally determined by measuring or estimating dry matter accumulation at the end of the growing season. Published records list crop or forest yields, i.e. the bales of ...