This report summarizes studies of the behavior of Black-capped Chickadees (Parus atricapillus) conducted at the UWM Field Station since 1970. Vocalizations and responses to predators are emphasized. Chickadees are very ...

Six cygnet calls, eight adult calls, and one nonvocal sound of Trumpeter Swans are categorized and described. Calls vary greatly in complexity. Many form graded series, while others are discrete. Most of the cygnet calls ...