Data presented in this paper were obtained during a five year study by the U.S. Forest Service (Ringger, 1972). This study, done in a hardwood stand in Forest County, Wisconsin sought to determine the effect of opening ...

Ecosystems develop as a result of interactions between the biotic and abiotic components in the environment. Natural systems are diverse and stable when interactions between the community and the supersystem are in balance. ...

Continental glaciers moving over Wisconsin four times in the last two million years sculptured the underlying Paleozoic dolomites and limestones in the Cedarburg area and deposited vast amounts of debris on the bedrock ...

Most studies of the family life of young birds after they leave the nest have been descriptive and anecdotal with little quantitative behavioral data, despite the many interesting problems involved in interactions of the ...

Wetlands are one of the most useful resources the environmentally oriented educator has at his disposal. They are his best teaching facility. Most wetlands allow active use. They provide rapid and easy "direct contact" ...

The reliability of direction finding, as stated in the old adage-"moss grows best on the north sides of trees"-is subject to various interpretations. A personal evaluation of the reliability of this adage was attempted in ...

Our study was aimed at answering three specific questions. First, do wild Juncos in Wisconsin exhibit spring premigratory fat deposition. Second, it has been reported that during the winter, fat deposits and body weights ...

In 1971 the Wisconsin Scientific Areas Preservation Council inaugurated a program of annual breeding bird surveys in the various state scientific areas, carried out by members of the Wisconsin Society for Ornithology and ...