Comparison of Nitrate Levels in Eau Claire County, WI Private and Municipal Tap Water

Abstract

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) nitrate Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for drinking water is 10 mg/L. Nitrate in groundwater is derived from inorganic fertilizers and animal manure. Nitrate is soluble and easily passes into groundwater used for drinking. Hemoglobin, which carries oxygen in the blood, is turned into methemoglobin by excess nitrate in the body. Methemoglobin causes blue-baby syndrome and can result in death. Other symptoms of nitrate exposure include increased heart rate, headaches, stomach cramps, vomiting and decreased blood pressure. Private groundwater wells are not regulated. 1/10 private wells in Wisconsin exceed the USEPA nitrate MCL. Municipal tap water is treated and cannot exceed the USEPA nitrate MCL. The city of Eau Claire’s municipal drinking water source is groundwater. The objective of our research is to compare nitrate levels in private and municipal well water in Eau Claire County, WI.