Effects of Representational Lessons on Standardized Math Test Scores

Abstract

This study reviews the Concrete, Representational, Abstract (CRA) methodology as it pertains to teaching mathematics in a lower elementary Montessori classroom with the primary focus on the incorporation of representational drawing lessons. This specific manual intervention functions as a bridge from concrete activities to abstract assessment. The 15-week study of 28 1st-3rd graders consisted of an instructional intervention of specific mathematical drawing lessons over 13 weeks and data collection instruments in the form ofinterviews, observations, and state-mandated standardized assessments. By the end of the study, students increased their use of drawing to represent concrete materials to solve math problems. They showed an increase in confidence in technical as well as general drawing skills. The post-test scores demonstrated a small amount of growth, but the researcher believes that with both more time and a more comprehensive approach to the utilization of representational model during regular lessons, a greater amount of growth would result. The researcher believes that CRA would be an effective means of improving Montessori students’ mathematic scores on standardized tests.