The Effects of Food and Test Solution Age on the Toxicity of Silver to Three Freshwater Organisms

Abstract

Acute toxicity tests were conducted to determine the effects on the toxicity of silver of having food present in test chambers and the effect of having silver solutions of different ages. Tests were conducted in two simultaneous 96 h flow-through studies using the fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas Rafinesque in which one test had food present in the test chambers and the other did not. Also, an acute 48-h static test exposing the cladoceran, Ceriodaphnia dubia Richard, (non-fed) and an acute 96-h flow­ through fed exposure to the amphipod, Hyalella azteca (Saussure), were run.