The lack of accurate, consistent, and precise data collection of exhumed fossils has been a major obstacle to developing consistent inferences and conclusions based on paleontological work. We have developed and designed ...

Glass trade beads made in Europe were an important commodity in colonial North America. The style and composition of glass beads were unique to each manufacturing site and can be used today to trace trading relationships ...

Glass beads manufactured in Europe were brought to North America and used in trade with native American peoples. The style and composition of glass beads can be used to trace intercontinental connections between the 16th ...

The physical properties of natural silicate magma are strongly influenced by the dissolution of water into the aluminosilicate melt framework. Of note is the presence of hydroxyl species (X-OH) that break apart the rigid ...

The Bushveld layered mafic intrusion is the world’s largest magmatic body and hosts much of the known platinum, chromium, titanium, and vanadium reserves. The origin and magmatic evolution of the intrusion is still the ...

Quartz crystals have been studied since ancient times by scientists and natural philosophers attempting to unlock the mysteries behind their aesthetic appearance and cryptic morphological properties. Previous studies ...

With the aim of discerning fluid conditions present during hydrothermal activity associated with Alpine metamorphism, we present new results on the abundance and distribution of hydrous impurities in co-crystallizing ...

The Green Mountain Shield Volcano (GM)–dated at 740,000 Ka–is located in Eastern Oregon at the intersection of the Oregon High Lava Plains Province and the northernmost Basin and Range Province. In a preliminary study, ...

Chemical evolution within basaltic magma chambers is still the subject of intense debate. The Skaergaard Intrusion in southeast Greenland has been the subject of considerable study for nearly a century, and yet today no ...

The chemical composition of tourmaline can provide unique insights into the thermal evolution of their growth environment, including that of pegmatites (in igneous systems) and hydrothermal veins (in metamorphic systems). ...