The purpose of this study was to examine how chewing gum modulates pain response by observing physiological changes associated with pain. Measures of heart rate (HR), mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), and respiratory ...

Objectives: This study explores the effect of one-time guided meditation on physiological measures of stress after a stress induction. The goal is to determine if meditating even once can mitigate stress in the short ...

Whether you choose to cruise to an electronic mix on a 5k run or head bob to classic rock in preparation for a lift on bench press, it is evident that listening to music while exercising has become a popular trend. ...

Past research has shown that an individual’s reaction time can be a valid indicator of the central nervous system’s ability to receive and synchronize movement expressed through the peripheral nervous system. This ...

Strength and endurance are two key factors in any athlete’s ability to perform. This experiment was designed to measure the correlation between an exercise warm up and grip strength and fatigue time. Two groups, a control ...

Elevated stress levels and constant exposure to music are commonplace to present day college students. Although the relationship of relaxing music and chronic stress have been well studied, the specific effects of auditory ...

The sympathetic nervous system, a branch of the autonomic nervous system, is activated in response to stressful stimuli. The purpose of this experiment was to determine whether audio or visual stimuli work in tandem to ...

Athletic performance and prevention of injury plays a key role in today’s sporting events, with the “warming-up” of muscular tissues a primary objective. The study aims to more broadly include the effects of warming up ...

This study investigated the effects of different exercise intensity levels on participants’ auditory reaction times. 24 undergraduate students (mean age = 21.6 years; 58% male, 42% female) at the University of Wisconsin-Madison ...

Stressful events promote activation of the sympathetic nervous system which causes measurable physiological changes in the body. Visual and auditory inputs often aid in this “fight or flight” stress response if potential ...