Competition is a prevalent motivator in everyday life. Previous studies have proven that competition influences hormonal levels and thus affect performance. The purpose of this study was to identify these physiological ...

Exercise is one of the first things that comes to mind when thinking about improving physical fitness. However, the effects of exercise on fitness are a function of many other factors. The purpose of this study was to ...

In today’s classroom, students commonly watch videos, play games, or browse the internet while completing homework or participating in class. With the increasing use of technology in all aspects of our life, research ...

Finding novel solutions to increase memory and retention abilities can provide strategies for improved performance in testing situations. Chewing gum has been proposed as a means to increase memory retention abilities ...

Stress, such as that elicited by test anxiety, can be caused by many factors. Because the body reacts to stress in a variety of ways, several measurements can be obtained to quantify the stress response. Listening to ...

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of music and music tempo on stress responses in the body while performing both simple memory tests and tests that require higher-level cognitive function. Twenty-four ...

This study was designed to measure changes in heart rate, respirations, and electrodermal activity (EDA) due to anticipation of eating a range of peppers on the Scoville Heat Scale (starting at 30,000-50,000 scoville ...

A variety and multitude of stimuli elicit a fear response in humans, including horror films. Fear responses include various physiological alterations such as an increase in heart rate, changes in electrodermal activity ...

The physiological feedforward response is an unconscious phenomenon by which the body attempts to prepare itself prior to the onset of a stressor. In humans, this feedforward mechanism has been implicated in thermoregulation, ...

The emotion of fear is often accompanied by increased heart rate, sweating, and trembling. Fear can be the result of startling events experienced in everyday life. Expression of different personality traits may correlate ...