Toward Effective Interpretive Signs, Trails and Wayside Exhibits : A Summary of Current Design Techniques and Future Research Needs

File(s)
Date
1991-05Author
Trapp, Suzanne
Publisher
University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, College of Natural Resources
Metadata
Show full item recordPermanent Link
http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1793/80510Type
Thesis
Description
Problem Statement: Importance of this Study: Today's visitors to natural and historical areas come for relaxation, recreation,
inspiration, and education. Naturalists or interpreters help visitors achieve these goals. They
also enhance the visitor's experience at the site. Interpreters can explain historical or natural
processes, events, or objects the visitor may not understand and miss. Interpretation is the
communication link between the visitor and the natural, cultural, or historical resources of
a site (Sharpe, 1982). It is also a method of site protection.
Interpretation can benefit the site by fostering responsible visitor behavior and, can
benefit the managing agency by increasing visitation revenue and improving public image.
With interpretation, the resource manager can improve public understanding of park policies
and regulations (Vander Stoep, 1987). Interpretation can help people understand the
dynamics of natural environments and the consequences of their actions, possibly fostering
an environmentally responsible citizenry (Wagar, 1973).
There are personal and non-personal methods of interpretation. Trail walks, interpretive
talks, slide shows, and campfire programs are all personal interpretive methods. Here,
the interpreter is in direct contact with the visitors. When the interpreter is not available,
visitors frequently encounter non-personal interpretation in the form of interpretive signs,
wayside exhibits, and self-guided trails. These methods are popular with both the visitor and
the interpreter because of their benefits.
Interpretive signs, trails, and waysides are relatively inexpensive to produce and
maintain, are self-pacing for the visitor, and are in place at all times (Sharp, 1982). However,
to be effective they must be well planned and designed.
Effective interpretive sign, trail, and wayside exhibit design, requires the talents of
a writer, artist, graphic designer, historian, and researcher. Few individuals are expert in such
diverse areas. Budget or personnel constraints often leave poorly trained interpreters or
resource managers in charge of the production of signs, trails, and wayside exhibits.
While some research has been conducted and literature is available on interpretive
sign, trail, and wayside exhibit development, it is scattered throughout a variety of disciplines.
Professionals have expressed a lack of time and available resources to locate these
studies on their own (Moore, 1989). A comprehensive guide, consolidating the most recent
information available, would help interpreters and resource managers effectively design
interpretive signs, trails, and wayside exhibits. This is only a partial solution however. Gaps
in research still exist, limiting the development of effective interpretive sign, trail, and
wayside exhibits.
Agencies have shown a limited ability to understand and then practically apply and
implement the recommendations from research (Dick, McKee, and Wagar, 1974). This
suggests miscommunication between researchers and practitioners as to what is needed.
Practitioners suggest that research studies frequently do not build upon one another, address
questions pertinent to the practicing professional, or offer practical applications to their
discoveries (Dick, McKee, and Wagar, 197 4 ). There is a need to identify research questions
that directly apply to the infield professional (Moore, 1989). Identifying prioritized research
questions related to interpretive signs, trails, and wayside exhibits from both the researcher's
and practitioner's viewpoint would help bridge these gaps.