Stress, such as that elicited by test anxiety, can be caused by many factors. Because the body reacts to stress in a variety of ways, several measurements can be obtained to quantify the stress response. Listening to ...

The objective of this study was to evaluate how chewing gum both affects physiological stress responses directly and short-term memory indirectly. It was hypothesized that chewing gum will directly attenuate the elicited ...

Students experience many different types of stressors throughout their education. College students often have multiple exams in a short period of time, inducing higher levels of stress that may negatively impact cognitive ...

Throughout human history, competition has been a motivator behind many successes and failures. Evolutionarily, competition underlies the theory of natural selection, in which organisms compete for natural resources and ...