Emotional music has been found to affect physiological responses during exercise in the form of physical performance and recovery, but the effects of music tempo, specifically, on these factors are still unconfirmed. We ...

Studies have shown that when individuals are motivated - either externally or internally - to complete a task, their respective performance increases relative to the non-reward groups. However, few studies have looked at ...

Sadness and fear are two emotions that play an important role in acclimating to our environment. Sadness has often been associated with a decrease in response to one’s environment, while fear is thought to activate the ...

Static stretching is a common part of modern pre-exercise warm-up routines, usually as a method to reduce cramping and prevent injury. Static stretching involves the sustained stretching of a muscle, and by extension its ...

Stress, such as that elicited by test anxiety, can be caused by many factors. Because the body reacts to stress in a variety of ways, several measurements can be obtained to quantify the stress response. Listening to ...

Stressful stimuli can lead to serious health consequences when not managed correctly; however, meditative practices have shown to be an effective management technique in reducing the body’s physiological response to ...

Stress is a common and unavoidable phenomenon in humans due to the numerous pressures and obligations that are experienced on a regular basis. Although stress is a necessary physiological mechanism, excess stress can ...

The importance of physical activity is frequently mentioned in regards to improved health and disease prevention; however, how often should one exercise and what type of exercise is most beneficial? Previous studies have ...

The objective of this study was to evaluate how chewing gum both affects physiological stress responses directly and short-term memory indirectly. It was hypothesized that chewing gum will directly attenuate the elicited ...

The physiological feedforward response is an unconscious phenomenon by which the body attempts to prepare itself prior to the onset of a stressor. In humans, this feedforward mechanism has been implicated in thermoregulation, ...