The E3 ligases GRAIL and Cbl-b are necessary for the induction of CD4+ T cell anergy. Using CD4+ T cells from wildtype (WT) and Cbl-b knockout (Cbl-B -/-) mice, we investigated the relationship between GRAIL and Cbl-b. ...

Preliminary studies showed factors contained in human milk retain their mitogenic activity following pasteurization. Iron is critical in cell proliferation in early life. Erythropoietin (Epo), a factor found in human milk, ...

We investigated the role of Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 (NHE-1) in neonatal hypoxia ischemia (HI). HI was induced by unilateral ligation of the left common carotid artery is postnatal day 9 (PN) mice, and subsequent exposure ...