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Creator

Dowell, Amy; Cramer, Steven

Date

Jan 10, 2007

Subject

concrete; water-cement ratio; water-cementitious material ratio; microwave oven; nuclear guage; fly ash; pavement

Abstract

The water-cementitious material ratio (w-cm) is defined as the ratio by mass of free water to cementitious material in a concrete mix. The microwave oven method (AASHTO provisional standard TP23-93) and the nuclear water-cement gauge were evaluated in actual field trials at seven different concrete paving sites as potential methods to rapidly determine the water-cementitious material ratio during construction. Two standard Grade A-FA WisDOT mix designs with 19% and 30% fly ash replacement were used at these sites. The coarse and fine aggregates were either igneous-based or limestone depending on the project location. Separate laboratory evaluations were conducted on mixtures using the same materials to provide calibration points. Using known batch quantities as the basis, the microwave oven method will generally result in standard errors in w-cm of at least 0.023. The performance of the nuclear gauge depended on aggregate type despite attempts to remove this dependency with calibration. Standards errors in w-cm associated with the nuclear gauge ranged from a minimum 0.018 when using limestone aggregates to 0.072 when using igneous aggregates.

Sponsor

Wisconsin Department of Transportation

Permalink

http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1793/6855 

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Part of

• Wisconsin Highway Research Program
  The Wisconsin Highway Research Program is intended to integrate the highway research efforts of the Wisconsin Department of Transportation, academia, and industry representatives to strategically improve Wisconsin’s highways and transportation system.

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