MINDS@UW La Crosse

Was There a Note Issue Conundrum in the Free Banking Era?

Sat, 29 Jul 1995 22:58:59 GMT

Was There a Note Issue Conundrum in the Free Banking Era? Haupert, Michael Bodenhorn, Howard The article focuses on the note issue paradox of American banking in the post-Civil War era. An overview of the conundrum is given, highlighting national bank behaviors inconsistent with profit-maximizing principles and several historiographical interpretations of the behavior, namely that they did not expand note issues in beneficial conditions to do so. Additional examination is offered to free-regime state banks, noting similarities in cost and risk environments to the following national bank-regime era. Conclusions are offered suggesting unseen risk perceptions that prevented the profitable venture.

Standardized first aid knowledge test for candidates to the Trollhaugen Ski Patrol, Dresser, Wisconsin

Thu, 04 May 1978 22:58:59 GMT

Standardized first aid knowledge test for candidates to the Trollhaugen Ski Patrol, Dresser, Wisconsin Graff, Ruth The purpose of this study was to construct a first aid knowledge test to be used to screen candidates to the Trollhaugen Ski Patrol. The test includes multiple choice questions covering all of the subject areas in the American Red Cross advanced first aid course. A pilot test was given to sixteen members of the Trollhaugen Patrol. On the basis of statisical analysis of this pilot test, a final test of one hundred questions was compiled.

History and development of the Emergency Medical Technician Program and suggested diploma curriculum

Sun, 30 Jul 1978 22:58:59 GMT

History and development of the Emergency Medical Technician Program and suggested diploma curriculum Gaumer, William Statement of the Problem: The purpose of this project was: (I) To trace the development of Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) training in the nation, state, and Western Wisconsin vocational district. (II) To determine the need for expanding the educational options for EMT students. (III) To develop a suggested diploma level curriculum for the career-minded EMT student. Procedure Used: Through a review of related literature and from personal experience, the development and history of EMT training is traced from the passage of the Highway Safety Act of 1966 to the present. This development is examined on a national level, a State of Wisconsin level and within the district boundaries of Western Wisconsin Technical Institute (WWTI). The need for expanding the educational program for EMT students and certified EMT's was explored. A survey questionnaire was sent to 180 certified EMT's, eight emergency physicians and 22 emergency department registered nurses. The survey was intended to assess the opinion of the group in regard to the development and implementation of a pre-service, diploma level program for the beginning EMT and the implementation of advanced skill modules for the certified EMT. According to the final tabulation of the survey responses, the group favored implementation of advanced skill training in a modular format. Conclusion: The results of this project and its recommendations will be presented to the Division Chairman of the Health Occupations Division at WWTI and to the Emergency Medical Services Consultant of the Wisconsin Board of Vocational, Technical and Adult Education. It is hoped the diploma curriculum and advanced training can be implemented soon.

Development of a picture instrument to measure the experiential background of pre-reading children

Sun, 03 Dec 1978 22:58:59 GMT

Development of a picture instrument to measure the experiential background of pre-reading children Schmidt, Carol It was the purpose of this study, (1) to define reading readiness as it relates to a child's life experiences, or his experiential background; (2) to review the literature concerning the readiness factors that influence a child's learning to read, and to review several picture instruments which would test the experiential background of the pre-reading child; and (4) to analyze the results, discuss the educational implications, and give recommendations for future study. Reading readiness must include the child's complete background for learning in terms of his maturation and experience. The child's background for learning or his experiential background is his knowledge of common objects gained through direct concrete experiences. A review was made of existing picture instruments. The SRA Test in Reading, the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, and the Pre-Reading Skills Program were examined. None of these instruments were found to have adequate picture material or to measure experiential background. The researcher then gathered colorful photographs for the construction of a picture instrument to measure experiential, background of the learner. The research instrument was given in the spring and summer of 1978 to 39 pre-readers. The Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test was also given for comparative purposes. A comparison of the means of the raw scores of the two instruments yielded a difference of only five. The research instrument was considered to be an appropriate test for the present research population. Additional research should be done in the future to further explore the learner's experiential background.

Analysis of proofreading methods used by sophomore language arts students

Tue, 30 Oct 1979 22:58:59 GMT

Analysis of proofreading methods used by sophomore language arts students Worman, Dwight The problem in this study involved a comparison of papers written by sophomore students in a Language Arts class, using the AN%VA statistical analysis. Papers were compared after proofreading--one group proofread their own papers and another had a classmate proofread for them. The purpose of the study was to determine whether one method of proofreading would produce a paper of fewer errors than the other method. The method in which students had a classmate proofread for them was proven to be the most effective. All groups, including the control group were similar in number of errors per paper: 1) the control group, 8.8; 2) the self-proofreading group, 7.7; 3) the outside proofreading group, 8.4. After treatment, the self-proofreading group had 4.8 errors per paper, and the outside proofreading group had 2.1 errors per paper, a significant difference. Although self-proofreading did decrease the number of errors by 2.9 per paper, the difference in the outside proofreading group produced a more significant decrease of 6.3 errors per paper.

Implementation of the writing portfolio in a first grade classroom

Thu, 06 Aug 1992 22:58:59 GMT

Implementation of the writing portfolio in a first grade classroom Gullickson, Dorothy Teachers need an assessment tool for writing that yields more than a single score such as that produced by a standardized test. The assessment tool needs to reveal a range of skills and understandings, support instructional goals, and value student and teacher reflection. It needs to show growth and change and provide continuity in education from one year to the next. The purpose of this study was to introduce the writing portfolio assessment concept to a class of first graders to determine if this assessment tool would meet this criteria and be effective in a primary classroom. The strategies used in the assessment were observation, interview sheets, journals, and collaboration with the children in the editing and revision of their writing samples. Parent communication was also involved in the procedure. Writing portfolios proved to be effective in the growth of skill, knowledge, and confidence with the children's active participation in the evaluation process.

Minnesota - Wisconsin NSFRE Study

Tue, 09 Jul 1985 22:58:59 GMT

Minnesota - Wisconsin NSFRE Study Nekola, Christine The National Society of Fund Raising Executives (NSFRE) is a professional organization of more than 4,000 fund raising professionals. The subjects for this study, 85 men and 66 women, were selected from the 1984 NSFRE Membership Directory and were the entire membership in the states of Wisconsin and Minnesota. Two chapters, Milwaukee with 112 members and Upper Mississippi Valley with 21 members were located in Wisconsin. One chapter with 109 members was located in the Minneapolis-St. Paul metro area. The research design of this study was similar to the "one shot case study" which Stanley and Campbell (1983) discuss. The independent variables were membership in NSFRE and current employment and residence in the states of Wisconsin and Minnesota. The data collection device was a survey questionnaire, which dealt with job titles, primary and secondary job responsibilities, hours in an average work week, salaries, perquisites, interests in continuing education and rationale concerning a possible job change. The results of this study showed an increase in the number of women in NSFRE from 1981; an increase in the number and variety of employing agencies; a slight decrease in the number of ethnic minorities; and a difference in salaries between males and females.

Survey of audiovisual material usage in individual guided education, secondary

Sun, 01 Aug 1976 22:58:59 GMT

Survey of audiovisual material usage in individual guided education, secondary Smieja, Adrian Accountability, budget scrutiny, and taxpayer revolt create budgetary conflicts for educators facing competition from audio and visual entertainment, increased material to be taught, and the development of individualized education. To meet these challenges utilization of instructional technology is increasing on all levels. This movement received impetus from the Elementary and Secondary Act of 1965. Today those with the responsibility of meeting the demands for media materials face a difficult task on their reduced budgets. The wide variety of available materials, changing methodology and learning climates, short-term preferences, improved and new sensory aids are additional considerations in selecting the correct equipment. To provide a tool for determining the value of audio and sensory materials in an individually guided program an accumulation of data was gathered through questionnaires, tabulations, personal interviews, and observations. The three year study resulted in identifying media materials acceptable to all levels and isolated other materials relative to grade and experience in an individualized program.

Study of the amount of violence on four selected television programs

Sun, 11 Dec 1977 22:58:59 GMT

Study of the amount of violence on four selected television programs Clark, James The purpose of this study was: (1) to determine the amount of violence on the television programs: Kojak, Starsky and Hutch, The Bugs Bunny Roadrunner Hour, and The All New Superfriends during the Fall of 1977; (2) to compare the amount of violence between the dramatic prime time presentations Kojak and Starsky and Hutch with the Saturday morning cartoon shows, The Bugs Bunny Roadrunner Hour and the All New Superfriends; and ( 3 ) to determine whether there is more violence on two prime time dramatic presentations or whether there is more violence on two children's Saturday morning cartoons. The selection of these programs was based on their longevity on the air, popularity with viewing audience, and recent events concerning one of the programs. The method used to determine the amount of violence in these programs was to tabulate each violent incident viewed on an individual program. Each violent incident was recorded on a monitoring instrument developed by the National Parent Teacher Association. The monitoring instrument divides violent incidents by categories. The results of this study indicate the the two children's Saturday morning cartoons reviewed are more violent than the two dramatic prime time programs reviewed. The Review of the Literature and Results of this Study have concluded that there is a great deal of violence in T.V. programming. More study is recommended to determine the effects of T.V. violence on the young viewer.

Control of the acoustical and visual concepts in education

Mon, 11 Jul 1977 22:58:59 GMT

Control of the acoustical and visual concepts in education Schafroth, Theodore The purpose of this study had three general aims. First, in controlling the acoustical concepts in education, it was possible to show that auditory abilities and discrimination were enhanced because of better information transfer. Second, that visual discrimination and perception are key factors in the general subject of visual literacy. Third, the visual and auditory areas reinforce each other in many ways but work against each other in others. This was a library research study. Current books, latest periodicals both in print and microfilmed, and Doctoral Abstracts were the chief sources in the chosen field. It was the desire of the writer to confine the results as being applied to normal school conditions, conditions that nearly all teachers would encounter in a normal teaching career. It was found that auditory distractions of various kinds are detrimental to the learning process. One of these distractions, reverberation, is controlled by various construction and arrangement methods. It was found that visual discrimination and visual perception were dependent upon the perceptual system of the individual. In the school room the proper amount and control of light will enhance the system. The visual and the auditory areas reinforce each other in many ways but may work against each other. There is a tendency to favor one system over the other under certain conditions. Verbal coding may be supplemented or replaced by visual imagery. Effective visual design and presentation are functions of many interrelationships.

Inquiry into the curriculum development of physical education programs for girls, grades 7 through 12

Thu, 05 Aug 1965 22:58:59 GMT

Inquiry into the curriculum development of physical education programs for girls, grades 7 through 12 Swanson, Jane The purpose of this study was to investigate the underlying theories involved in the development of a curriculum regarding the importance of growth and development of adolescents and their ability to acquire motor skills. The findings of this investigation were applied in establishing evaluation techniques for the girls' physical education program at Menomonie Junior-Senlor High School. There were 600 girls evaluated in this study. Check lists were used in determining interest and attitudes of the student and for their choices of friends and fellow students with whom they like to work. Bookwalters' classification index on height -weight grouping was used and in the final tabulation of the results, a sociogram, scattergram and charts were used. This study was of great assistance in gaining insight into the particular group studied. The results focused attention in the areas needing motivation and guidance, the need for tralning of leadership, and the challenge to adapt a program to aid the individual to work towards her potential.

Comparative study of the television facilities of nine regional University of Wisconsin campuses

Mon, 24 Jul 1972 22:58:59 GMT

Comparative study of the television facilities of nine regional University of Wisconsin campuses Kilman, Robert The research project was A Comparative Study of the Television Facilities of Nine Regional University of Wisconsin Campuses. The purpose of the study was to compare the facilities with an emphasis on utilization. The topic was selected because little information was known about the nature of the television facilities in the university system and no research had probed the area of utilization. The limitations of the study were inherent in the structure of the university system. The area of television facilities was another limitation, The final limitation was the choice of the fall semester, 1971 as the time of the research, A questionnaire was used to conduct the survey of the field. However, the technique of mailing the questionnaire was rejected in favor of the personal interview, The researcher secured interviews with the television director at each campus. During the course of the interview, a tour was taken of the television studios and pictures were secured as a graphic record of the facilities. Later the information was collected from the questionnaires and tabulated according to areas of reference. The hypotheses stated there would be no difference In the facilities and there would be no difference in the utilization of the television facilities, The hypotheses were incorrect. A great difference was found in the areas of space and facilities, One campus had a studio area of 440 square feet while another had two studios with an area of 3,600 square feet. The field of distribution was varied. The potential was identical for each campus when the capability of the portable videotape recorder was calculated with the existing closed-circuit, coaxial cable. One campus distributed programming via cable to ninety-five percent of the buildings while another campus relied almost exclusively on portable machines. The field of utilization was found to be just as varied as that of facilities, The criteria for utilizatfon was figured from the number of departments utilizing television, the number of videotape titles in the library, the number of hours of production for the semester sampled, and the number of man-hours expended on productions. A great variety of emphasis was found on the various campuses, The conclusions were that a great variety exists in the area of television facilities and utilization, Development was sufficient for the production of the programming the individual campuses were using. The area of utilization was no different from that of facilities, The variety existed. Recommendations were made for further study in the areas of faculty involvement and utilization.

Survey of recreational book reading by fifth through eighth grade pupils in Lutheran elementary schools of the Western Wisconsin Teachers' Conference

Mon, 27 Jul 1964 22:58:59 GMT

Survey of recreational book reading by fifth through eighth grade pupils in Lutheran elementary schools of the Western Wisconsin Teachers' Conference Raabe, James Statement of problem: Lutheran elementary school teachers as well as other elementary teachers need to be interested in the recreational book reading of their pupils. Beneficial guidance of the pupils in recreational reading, demands that teachers know the interests of their pupils, including those who rank at the top and the bottom of the class in achievement. The purpose of this survey was to find the interests and recreational book habits of the high-ranking and low-ranking pupils in grades five to eight in Lutheran schools of Western Wisconsin. Methods and procedures used: Schedules were administered to teachers and pupils in Lutheran schools of Western Wisconsin to determine recreational reading interests and habits. On the basis of the Iowa Tests of Basic Skills the top-ranking and bottom-ranking pupils were selected for further study. These pupils reported on books they read during a portion of the school year. Comparisons were then made between actual and expressed reading interests. Summary of findings: Fiction books were more preferred than books of non-fiction. It was found that both sexes like books which contain thrills, action, and excitement, but the sexes differ in preference of other things. Actual and expressed reading interests of both sexes are similar. Low-ranking pupils make little use of public library facilities. It was concluded that in planning school libraries teachers and administrators must more fully consider the low-ranking pupils.

Effects of training in Strength Shoes [symbol for trademark] on speed, jumping ability, and calf girth

Thu, 29 Jul 1993 22:58:59 GMT

Effects of training in Strength Shoes [symbol for trademark] on speed, jumping ability, and calf girth Pethan, Scott 5203 72 collegiate males between 19-25 years of age were randomized into 1 of 3 groups (24 per group); a control group (CG) , a strength shoe group (SSG), or a regular shoe group (RSG). SSG and RSG trained 3x per week for 10 weeks and followed identical programs as prescribed by the manufacturer. SSG wore the Strength Shoe [symbol for trademark] while RSG wore their own athletic shoes. All Ss were tested before and after the 10 weeks for 40 yard dash time (40 TIME), vertical jump (VJUMP), broad jump (BJUMP), and right and left calf girth (RGIRTH & LGIRTH). RESULTS: 22 C, 14 SSG, and 16 RSG completed the study. 7 of the dropouts in SSG were due to injury; 1 of 8 dropouts in RSG was due to injury. Attendance for SSG and RSG averaged 89% of possible workouts. Changes as a result of the program are presented below: (Please view the pdf for table information) SSG had significant (p < .05) increases in RGIRTH and LGIRTH from pre to posttesting. However, this change was not significantly (p > .05) different than either C or RSG. There were no within or between group differences for 40 TIME, VJUMP, or BJUMP as a result of training. These results indicate that even though there was a tendency for training in Strength Shoe [symbol for trademark]s to improve performance, the increases were not significantly greater than training in regular athletic shoes. Additionally, the chances of injury appear to be greater when training in Strength Shoe [symbol for trademark]s.

Shift to monasticism : an analysis of selected monasteries during the Late Antique period in Egypt

Tue, 28 Apr 2009 22:58:59 GMT

Shift to monasticism : an analysis of selected monasteries during the Late Antique period in Egypt Urbancic, Amanda At the turn of the first century A.D., a new religion was emerging under Roman domination. Christianity rapidly dispersed into Egypt where it was legendary first introduced in A.D. 40 by Saint Mark. Under the emperor Constantine in the fourth century, Christianity became the official religion in Egypt. The Church of Alexandria developed as the first organized Christian faith. This would later form into the Coptic Orthodox Church. Although research on Egypt has concentrated heavily on earlier antiquity, it is the Egypt after the Roman Rule that has given birth to the Egypt of modern times. Early in the fourth century, monks retreated to the desert and formed anchoritic, or hermit communities. These communities dispersed down the Nile, and not long after, religious tourism exploded into these fledgling settlements. In this paper, I intend to investigate the region of Kellia and its monasteries. I will also briefly outline the monasteries St. Jeremiah at Saqqara and St. Apollo at Bawit for comparisons. I want to discover if the anchorites really shaped the form of the monastery. I also want to analyze the structures in each monastery and how they were oriented and if they were similar to or different from other monasteries.