http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1793/81 http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1793/38044 A comparison of excavation methods between the War Eagle and Bertrand steamboats Marquardt, Ashley The steamboats Bertrand and War Eagle operated in a similar brief period of time in the United States and were both primarily excavated in the 1960s. The sites described in this paper are representative of a terrestrial waterlogged site (Bertrand) and an underwater river site (War Eagle.) The paper highlights the problems associated with underwater archaeology compared to terrestrial. This paper is a synthesis of materials and a comparison of the Bertrand steamboat and War Eagle steamboat and the resulting archaeology. This comparison will discuss the excavation methods utilized by each group to their respected steamboats during the 1960s and how those methods impacted the archaeology record of these sites. Tue, 28 Apr 2009 22:58:59 GMT http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1793/38042 Egyptian brewing : the production of beer based on archaeological evidence Luoma, Eli Production of beer in ancient Egypt was an important daily activity. Beer was an essential part of the nutrition of the ancient Egyptian as well as important in religious life. Beer production dates back to at least the 35th century BC. The standard model for the production of beer in ancient Egypt is based on the interpretation of artistic depictions in tombs and the modern practice of making bouza, a beer produced by Nubian and Coptic populations in modern Egypt. Another model has been put forth by Delwen Samuel that uses high powered microscopy to analyze beer residues. Based on starch morphology, Samuel argues that the standard method of brewing needs to be rethought. Using this model for beer production, I attempted to reproduce beer of ancient Egypt. Tue, 28 Apr 2009 22:58:59 GMT http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1793/38036 Revisiting Seville : the significance of house-yard burials at the Seville Plantation, St. Ann's Bay, Jamaica Kutz, Thomas L. The phenomenon of African slave house-yard burials in Jamaica is a rare occurrence. Archaeological excavations in the 1990s on the Seville Plantation site uncovered four separate house-yard burials typical of a distinct African burial pattern dating to the 18th century. Using spatial analysis, as well as comparative studies with contemporary burial sites in the Caribbean and burial sites within the African slave culture from the 18th and 19th centuries, this paper examines the significance of these burials. The distinguishing attributes of the individuals as well as the burial practices, funerary beliefs, and artifacts collected are examined. Tue, 28 Apr 2009 22:58:59 GMT http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1793/38008 A comparative study of the Swennes woven nettle bag and weaving techniques Karoll, Amy B. During recent years, the Mississippi Valley Archaeology Center (MVAC) has acquired permission to look at a beautifully preserved bag from 47Lc84, a rockshelter located in La Crosse County, Wisconsin. The bag is tentatively dated to the Oneota cultural tradition (A.D. 1250-1650) based on pottery sherds associated with it. Nothing of its kind has been found archaeologically in this region before, owing mostly to poor preservation conditions. Due to its uniqueness, there is nothing to compare it to within the Oneota tradition. Therefore, to gain a better understanding of this bag, a cross-cultural study was undertaken. This paper examines separate sites in the American Midwest, as well as textile impressions that are preserved on pottery, the ethnohistoric and early historic record, and modern hand-weaving techniques to determine the textile tradition from which the bag may have emerged as well as how it was constructed. Tue, 28 Apr 2009 22:58:59 GMT http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1793/38002 English and Irish medieval fortified ecclesiastical structures and the Bishop's Manor in Kilteasheen, Ireland Helland, Alex In this research paper I compare Irish and English ecclesiastical fortified stone structures in the 13th century in order to isolate English stone mason influences. It examines the techniques used in the construction between the two types of stone structures by focusing on the materials used in the construction along with over-all architectural design of stone structures. Analysis of extant stone walls reveals the similarities and differences between the Irish and English ways of construction. The similarities and differences of these structures will perhaps show if the Irish copied English stone masons in their architectural designs, or if they improved on English designs by adding new techniques to their fortified stone structures. By examining the Bishop's Manor at the Kilteasheen site in Roscommon Co. along with the Kells Priory site in Kilkenny Co., Ireland, it will demonstrate early evidence of whether or not Irish copied the English or developed their own way of construction for their fortified stone structures. Tue, 28 Apr 2009 22:58:59 GMT http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1793/37976 Nutrient intake in female collegiate track and field athletes Benson, Marni The purpose of this study was first, to determine if Division III female track and field athletes met the nutrient recommendations and second, to identify barriers the athletes faced trying to receive adequate nutrient intake. Twenty-six females were tested once during their competitive season for an interview and basic background information. The testing session included discussion of a twenty-four hour eating behavior journal (EBJ), eating habits, physical activity record, and background questionnaire. An ANOVA was used to determine any differences that occurred in nutrients between events. Frequencies of participants meeting the nutritional requirements were used to determine if athletes fell above or below recommendations. Frequency tests were also conducted on the questionnaire to determine barriers to healthy eating. The dietary intake of Division III female track and field athletes was found insufficient for an active athletic population. Frequencies revealed that being rushed during meal time was the main encountered barrier. Sat, 28 Nov 2009 22:58:59 GMT http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1793/37974 Special education teachers' personal time and money Tewalt, Brandon Because of state and federal budget deficits. teachers are using thcir own time and rnoney to meet student nceds. This research seeks to determine the amount of time and money spent on work related duties. Specific research questions include: How much personal time and money are Wisconsin's K-12 speclal educators using to meet expectations, and what do they purchase? Three hundred fourteen Wisconsin K- 1 2 special educators across four CESAs (#I, #4, # 8, and +I 2) completed a survey regarding their personal time and money spcnt on work-related expenditures. The majority of special educator's participation indicated they did spend pcrsonal time and money on work-related duties, supplies and professional development. Special educators indicate TEPs consume the largest portion of personal time, while classroom supplies deplete the largcst portion persona1 money spent on work-related supplies. The majority (31%-54% of respondents) of special educators reported spending personal money on professional development. However, the majority (63%-78% of respondents) of spccial educators reported the NCLB was not the reason for spending personal time and money on workrelated activitres and expenditures. Sun, 28 Jun 2009 22:58:59 GMT http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1793/37972 Diagnosis, prevalence, and prevention of the spread of the parasite Heterosporis sp. (Microsporida: Pleistophoridae) in yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and other freshwater fish in northern Minnesota, Wisconsin, and in Lake Ontario Miller, Peggy A previously unknown microsporidian parasite that severely degrades muscle of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) from lakes in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Lake Ontario was identified as belonging to the genus Heterosporis. This parasite is characterized by pyriform-shaped spores that are contained in sporophorocysts. In the wild, yellow perch, burbot (Lota lota), mottled sculpin (Cottus bairdi), trout-perch (Percopsis omiscomaycus), pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus), northern pike (Esox lucius), walleye (Sander vitreus) and rock bass (Ambloplites rupestris) harbor Heterosporis naturally, but laboratory studies showed that 12 other fish species are susceptible to infection. In laboratory trials, smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui) consumed significantly more fathead minnows infected with Heterosporis sp. than uninfected. Microscopically, Heterosporis sp. infection can be detected in the muscle of fish two weeks after exposure, and visually identified after seven weeks. To confirm infection, a PCR diagnostic assay was developed. Heterosporis spores are rendered noninfective by freezing, desiccation for 24 h, exposure to 2,200 mg/L bleach, and aging in air-exposed water for six months. This parasite can infect a wide range of fish species which can lead to devastating losses in commercial and sport fishing; however, there are preventative measures that may limit the spread of the parasite. Wed, 29 Jul 2009 22:58:59 GMT http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1793/37970 Prevalence of the components of the female athlete triad in college aged females Davis, Jessica The purpose of this study was to observe if any component or combination of components of the Female Athlete Triad existed in active college aged females. Thirtyfive college aged females who were moderately active and not using any oral contraceptives participated in this study. All participants recorded their physical activity for three days and nutrient intake for 24 hours in order to obtain energy expenditure and intake. In addition, questions concerning their menstrual cycle history were also asked. Finally, a DEXA scan was used to obtain bone mineral density and body composition. Frequencies of each component of the triad were tallied and showed none of the participants met the criteria for all three of the components. Only one participant showed signs for low energy availability and irregular menstrual cycles. In addition, no other combination of the components existed. Overall, our results do not suggest that physically active college aged females are at risk for the Female Athlete Triad. Sat, 28 Nov 2009 22:58:59 GMT http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1793/37968 Differences in resilience among African-American, inner city students with and without severe disruptive behaviors Carlson, Sarah Students labeled as EBD have the poorest academic and life outcomes of any category of special education students, due to inappropriate, problematic behaviors and lack of social skills and problem-solving skills. The current study examined differences in resilience between African American inner city students placed in EBD/MRP classrooms due to severe behavior problems and African American inner city students in regular education to see if lower self-ratings in resilience (social bonding, personal competence, and /or social competence) to deal with the life stresses and risk factors might account in part for students being placed in EBD/MRP classrooms. Data was collected through self-ratings on the Individual Protective Factors Index: A measure of adolescent resilience and results for the samples were compared using an independent samples t-test. No significant differences were found between the two samples on the domains of Social Bonding, Personal Competence, and Social Bonding. A statistically significant difference was found between Personal Competence as compared to Social Competence and Social Bonding for the combined sample, with Personal Competence being significantly higher. Strategies for schools, teachers, and school psychologists to increase positive outcomes for students labeled as EBD as well as suggestions for promoting resilience among all students were discussed. Wed, 29 Jul 2009 22:58:59 GMT http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1793/37966 Athletic-care for coaches: providing appropriate prevention, recognition, and management of athletic-related injuries and conditions Fall, Stephanie Millions of student-athletes of all age ranges participate in a variety of athletic activities each year in the United States. Participating in athletic activities offers a wide range of health benefits, including physical, social, and psychological, but is accompanied by athletic-related injuries and conditions. Injury potential indicates the need for implementation of effective prevention strategies and increased care quality available to student-athletes. In the absence of certified athletic trainers, coaches assume the responsibility to provide appropriate healthcare. Coaches need the knowledge and skills necessary to provide the care for which they are held responsible. The Athletic-Care for Coaches clinic presents knowledge, develops skills, and builds understanding of basic first-aid care for athletic-related injuries and conditions, providing an opportunity for continued advancement in care by coaches. Topics presented in the clinic remain within scope of practice of a basic first-aid provider and include: a coach's role; injury prevention, recognition, and management; return-to-play criteria; universal precautions; lighting safety; equipment; and emergency action plan development. The purpose of the clinic is to assist coaches in making safe, objective decisions regarding the care of student-athletes. After completion, coaches should be able to implement prevention strategies, and recognize and manage athletic-related injuries and conditions. Sun, 28 Jun 2009 22:58:59 GMT http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1793/37964 The effect of an educational unit on the knowledge and breakfast eating behavior of college students Roe, Donna V. This study used 45 University of Wisconsin - Stout students, ages 18 to 25, enrolled in two Health Survey 366-101 classes. The design used was the pretest, posttest control design. One class, the treatment group, received a 3-day educational unit in nutrition. Each class completed a pretest and a posttest knowledge questionnaire and at the same time recorded their food intake for the previous 24-hour periods. The results were used to assess breakfast eating behavior. Knowledge increase was significant (p< .05). Adequate breakfast eating behavior, defined as meeting one-fourth of the Recommended Daily Dietary Allowances of the National Academy of Sciences, did not show any improvement. There was no correlation between the level of knowledge and breakfast eating behavior following this educational unit. Sun, 29 Oct 1978 22:58:59 GMT http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1793/37962 The effects of an adventure education unit versus a traditional sport unit on self-esteem in middle school boys and girls Nielson, Bret M. This study examined the effects of adventure education and a traditional sport unit on self-esteem in middle school boys and girls. The study also examined the correlation between Hellison's levels of responsibility and self-esteem. Hellison's levels of responsibility is a performance grade each subject gave himself/herself on their perceived level of responsibility for each class period. The sample included 53 male and female students from St. Mary's school. The subjects were randomly placed into one of two groups. The treatment group (N = 27) participated in a ten-class period adventure education unit. The control group (N = 26) participated in a ten-class period floor hockey unit. Subjects completed a pre/post test questionnaire measuring their perceived self-esteem. This instrument was a modified version of Rosenberg's 40-point Likert scale. An independent samples t-test yielded no significant difference between group means (p = .091). A change in self-esteem was measured by subtracting the posttest score from the pretest score. The t-test yielded no significant difference in self-esteem from either group. A one-way ANCOVA test indicated no significant difference between groups (p=.148). A Pearson Product Moment-Correlation Coefficient test found no significant relationship between Hellison's levels of responsibility and self-esteem. The treatment group yielded an (r = .789) and documented high levels; of self-esteem and social responsibility, but is unclear as to the extent of the correlation between self-esteem and the student's level of responsibility. The results of this study indicate no significant difference in self-esteem from an adventure education unit or a traditional sport unit. It also found no significant correlation between self-esteem and Hellison's levels of responsibility. Mon, 29 Oct 2001 22:58:59 GMT http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1793/37960 Age, growth, and food habits of catostomidae in pool 8 of the Upper Mississippi River Bur, Michael Thomas Age, growth, and food habits of ten catostomids from Pool 8 of of the Upper Mississippi River were determined. The catostomids studied were the bigmouth buffalo (Ictiobus cyprinellus Valenciennes), small-mouth buffalo (Ictiobus bubalus Rafinesque), river carpsucker (Carpiodes velifer Rafinesque), quillback carpsucker (Carpiodes syprinus Lesueuer), spotted sucker (Minytrema melanops Rafinesque), Shorthead redhorse (Moxostoma macrolepidotum Lesueur), silver redhorse (Moxostoma anisurum Rafinesque), golden redhorse (Moxostoma erythrurum Rafinesque), and white sucker (Catostomus commersoni Lacepede). Thirty-eight ecotypes were investigated from June through August, 1975. Catostomids were collected from the main channel and backwater areas by use of gillnets, hoopnets, frame nets, seine nets and a boomhocker. Four species (spotted sucker, shorthead, silver and golden redhorse) comprised 94.2% of the catostomids collected from Pool 8. The shorthead redhorse was the most abundant catostomid collected. The shorthead redhorse consisted of eight age groups (0-VII). The period of greatest growth occurred during their second year when they increased their size by 106.4 mm. The most important food item was Tendipedidae larvae by both number (75.8%) and volume (41.2%). There were 10 age groups of silver redhorse collected (0-IX), of which 60.4% were represented by age groups IV-VI. The greatest increase during the second year of growth (l33.0 mm). The most important food items were Tendipedidae larvae (73.3% by number), and was Sphaeriidae (59.5% by volume). The golden redhorse exhibited seven age groups (0-V and VII), with 68.0% belonging to age groups III and IV. The greatest mean annual increment was 108.4 mm, which occurred. during the third year of growth. Food items of importance for golden redhorse included Tendipedidae larvae, Trichoptera larvae, and Ephemeroptera larvae. The spotted sucker was represented by seven age groups (0-VI), of which 38.5% belonged to the IV age class. The greatest mean annual 1ncrement was 105.1 mm and occurred during the second year of growth. Crustaceans were the principle food consumed (98.5% by volume). The remaining members of the Family Catostomidae comprised 5.8% of the individuals collected. The true relative abundance of these groups was perhaps not determined because of sampling only in selected areas and the use of gear that was selective for movements by fish. Wed, 29 Oct 1975 22:58:59 GMT http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1793/37662 A literature review of the role of spirituality in health, health care, diseases, social conditions, general well-being and health education programs during the last three decades Metz, Christina A. This project presents an extensive literature review of the construct of spirituality in health, health care, disease and social conditions, general well-being, and health education programs during the last three decades. The findings support research that health care needs to take on a holistic approach, to include the mind, body and spirit in regards to treatment and education. The present study concluded that health is a dynamic process and must include the spiritual dimension. Attending places of worship have a positive influence on health and a negative influence on disease. Spiritual factors are also important in the prevention and treatment of disease. Spirituality and certain organized religious practices have a positive influence on life satisfaction, subjective wel1-being, and social conditions. Since spirituality has a positive affect / influence on health and health outcomes, health educators should incorporate the spiritual dimension into health education programs. Examples of successful application of spirituality showing positive results within health education programs are also included in this research paper. Wed, 29 Oct 1997 22:58:59 GMT